America - A Nation of Immigrants - The Real Story

Part 1. - Who are we?

I feel comfortable writing about America a nation of immigrants because I have spent over 50 years trying to help the indigenous Native Americans like the Hopi nation, who are the only people in our country who are not immigrants.

With the politics in Washington off the cliff, and the truth harder to find every day in the news media, I figured I could be a sort of voice in the wilderness explaining what most Americans think about immigrants.

I wrote this article for the benefit of those outside of America forced to turn to the news media for truth about the the USA  and immigration reform.  Here is  little history often overlooked.

Back when our Forefathers fought a war of independence against the most powerful empire in the world, the British, we were already debating the shape of things to come, in order to assure our freedom, and protect us from the threat of becoming an empire and exercising such control over a free people.

There are a few things I believe were of significant influence on the Founding Fathers, more than we like to acknowledge.  First, I accept that Divine Providence guided them in their deliberations and debate.  Second, the colonists of that time were far more educated than most people believe.  Third, they employed either oracles or psychics to see far into the future.

I believe the record since our Declaration of Independence 240 years ago is testament to the truth in what I say.  It would have taken the Hand of God to guide a bunch of farmers, aristocrats, religious fanatics, and outcasts from throughout the world with minimal money and certainly no army, to victory over the greatest empire in world history.

As for education, many Americans were self-taught while those with resources made extensive use of tutors.  Innovation, initiative, and creativity were necessary characteristics of those attempting to tame a wild land and create a civilization in a foreign world.

Now oracles, mediums, and psychics must have been available to help draft the framework of a Constitution that protected and preserved the United States through all the radical changes in world culture, religion, economy, war, and technology that would come in the not too distant future generations.

Beyond the foresight, the founding documents also had to correct the flaws in the system that existed at the time, such as slavery, in order to guarantee freedom and equality to everyone.  The goal of the Constitution was to provide a pathway to achieve the lofty promises contained in the document whether they existed at the time or not.

Three key items immediately come to mind in terms of lofty promises.  Of course, there was slavery, women's rights, and there was religious freedom.  At the time, slavery was legal, women had no rights, and religious freedom was non-existent though there were attempts to institute it in places like Maryland with little success.

The Constitution also had to make it clear that America would always be a nation of immigrants like no other nation in the world.  Just think of the incredible growth that took place in America.  In 1776, there were about 10 million people.  Only forty years later, in 1816, there were 41 million people, four times as many.  During the next millennial, by 1916, we grew to 102 million and one millennial later we have reached 325 million people, from 10 million to 325 million in just 240 years.

Today we have three million indigenous peoples, plus two million more indigenous of mixed race, so five million indigenous residents.  That means 98.5% of the population in America are immigrants or ancestors of immigrants.

The roots of Americans are vast.  Here is the diversity of Americans as of 2010 represented by the ancestral ethnic mix as reported by the U.S. Census Bureau.

American Ethnic Mix 2010

1.      49,206,934 Germans 

2.      41,284,752 Black or African Americans

3.      35,523,082 Irish

4.      31,789,483 Mexican 

5.      26,923,091 English 

6.      19,911,467 Americans

7.      17,558,598 Italian

8.      9,739,653 Polish

9.      9,136,092 French (except Basque)

10.  5,706,263 Scottish

11.  5,102,858 Scotch-Irish

12.  4,920,336 American Indian or Alaska Native

13.  4,810,511 Dutch

14.  4,607,774 Puerto Rican

15.  4,557,539 Norwegian

16.  4,211,644 Swedish

17.  3,245,080 Chinese (except Taiwanese) 

18.  3,060,143 Russian

19.  2,781,904 Asian Indian

20.  2,625,306 West Indian (except Hispanic groups)

21.  2,549,545 Filipino

22.  2,087,970 French Canadian

23.  1,888,383 Welsh

24.  1,764,374 Cuban

25.  1,733,778 Salvadoran

26.  1,620,637 Arab

27.  1,576,032 Vietnamese

28.  1,573,608 Czech

29.  1,511,926 Hungarian

30.  1,423,139 Portuguese

31.  1,422,567 Korean

32.  1,420,962 Danish

33.  1,414,551 Dominican (Dominican Republic)

34.  1,319,188 Greek

This is the percentage distribution of the top fifteen.

German	49,206,934	17.1%
African American	45,284,752	14.6%
Irish	35,523,082	11.6%
Mexican	31,789,483	10.9%
English	26,923,091	9.0%
American	19,911,467	6.7%
Italian	17,558,598	5.9%
Polish	9,739,653	3.0%
French	9,136,092	2.9%
Scottish	5,706,263	1.9%
Scotch-Irish	5,102,858	1.7%
American Indian and Alaskan Native	4,920,336	1.6%
Dutch	4,810,511	1.6%
Puerto Rican	4,607,774	1.5%
Norwegian	4,557,539	1.5%

  

Here is the diversity of Americans represented by their religious denomination beliefs.

Denomination name	Members (thousands)
The Roman Catholic Church	68,202
Southern Baptist Convention	16,136
United Methodist Church, The	7,679
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, The	6,157
Church of God in Christ, The	5,499
National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc	5,197
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America	4,274
National Baptist Convention of America, Inc	3,500
Assemblies of God	3,030
Presbyterian Church (USA)	2,675
African Methodist Episcopal Church	2,500
National Missionary Baptist Convention of America	2,500
Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod (LCMS),	2,278
Episcopal Church	1,951
Pentecostal Assemblies of the World, Inc Churches of Christ	1,800
Churches of Christ	1,639
Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America	1,500
African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church	1,400
American Baptist Churches in the USA	1,308
Jehovah's Witnesses Baptist Bible Fellowship International	1,184
Church of God	1,074
Christian Churches and Churches of Christ	1,071
Seventh-day Adventist Church	1,060
United Church of Christ	1,058
The Progressive National Baptist Convention, Inc	1,010

NOTE: Includes the self-reported membership of religious bodies with 650,000 or more as reported to the Yearbook of American and Canadian Churches. Groups may be excluded if they do not supply information. The data are not standardized so comparisons between groups are difficult. The definition of "church member" is determined by the religious body.

Source: 2012 Yearbook of American and Canadian Churches, National Council of Churches.

This is a more detailed breakdown of the same religious information.

Religions

Explore religious groups in the U.S. by tradition, family and denomination

• Christian 70.6%
• Evangelical Protestant 25.4%

• Baptist Family (Evangelical Trad.) 9.2%
• Southern Baptist Convention 5.3%
• Independent Baptist (Evangelical Trad.) 2.5%
• Missionary Baptist (Evangelical Trad.) < 0.3%
• Conservative Baptist Association of America < 0.3%
• Free Will Baptist < 0.3%
• General Association of Regular Baptist Churches < 0.3%
• Other Baptist (Evangelical Trad.) 1.0%
• Methodist Family (Evangelical Trad.) < 0.3%
• Nondenominational Family (Evangelical Trad.) 4.9%
• Nondenominational evangelical 2.0%
• Nondenominational fundamentalist 0.3%
• -Nondenominational charismatic 0.6%
• Nondenominational Christian (Evangelical Trad.) < 0.3%
• Interdenominational (Evangelical Trad.) 0.6%
• Community Church (Evangelical Trad.) < 0.3%
• Other Nondenominational (Evangelical Trad.) 1.2%
• Lutheran Family (Evangelical Trad.) 1.5%
• Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod 1.1%
• Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod < 0.3%
• Other Lutheran (Evangelical Trad.) 0.3%
• Presbyterian Family (Evangelical Trad.) 0.8%
• Presbyterian Church in America 0.4%
• Other Presbyterian (Evangelical Trad.) 0.4%
• Pentecostal Family (Evangelical Trad.) 3.6%
• Assemblies of God 1.4%
• Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee) 0.4%
• Foursquare Church < 0.3%
• Pentecostal Church of God < 0.3%
• Pentecostal Holiness Church < 0.3%
• Calvary Chapel < 0.3%
• Apostolic Pentecostal (Evangelical Trad.) < 0.3%
• Nondenominational Pentecostal (Evangelical Trad.) < 0.3%
• Church of God of the Apostolic Faith < 0.3%
• Other Pentecostal (Evangelical Trad.) 1.1%
• Episcopalian/Anglican Family (Evangelical Trad.) < 0.3%
• Restorationist Family (Evangelical Trad.) 1.6%
• Churches of Christ 1.5%
• Christian Churches and Churches of Christ < 0.3%
• Other Restorationist (Evangelical Trad.) < 0.3%
• Congregationalist Family (Evangelical Trad.) < 0.3%
• Conservative Congregational Christian Conference < 0.3%
• Other Congregationalist (Evangelical Trad.) < 0.3%
• Holiness Family (Evangelical Trad.) 0.7%
• Church of the Nazarene 0.3%
• Wesleyan Church < 0.3%
• Free Methodist Church < 0.3%
• Christian and Missionary Alliance < 0.3%
• Church of God (Anderson, Indiana) < 0.3%
• Other Holiness (Evangelical Trad.) < 0.3%
• Reformed Family (Evangelical Trad.) < 0.3%
• Christian Reformed Church < 0.3%
• Other Reformed (Evangelical Trad.) < 0.3%
• Adventist Family (Evangelical Trad.) 0.6%
• Seventh-day Adventist 0.5%
• Other Adventist (Evangelical Trad.) < 0.3%
• Anabaptist Family (Evangelical Trad.) 0.3%
• Pietist Family (Evangelical Trad.) < 0.3%
• Other evangelical/fundamentalist family (Evangelical Trad.) 0.3%
• Nonspecific Protestant Family (Evangelical Trad.) 1.5%
• Mainline Protestant 14.7%
• Baptist Family (Mainline Trad.) 2.1%
• American Baptist Churches USA 1.5%
• Other Baptist (Mainline Trad.) 0.6%
• Methodist Family (Mainline Trad.) 3.9%
• United Methodist Church 3.6%
• Other Methodist (Mainline Trad.) 0.3%
• Nondenominational Family (Mainline Trad.) 1.0%
• Interdenominational (Mainline Trad.) 0.3%
• Other Nondenominational (Mainline Trad.) 0.7%
• Lutheran Family (Mainline Trad.) 2.1%
• Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) 1.4%
• Other Lutheran (Mainline Trad.) 0.7%
• Presbyterian Family (Mainline Trad.) 1.4%
• Presbyterian Church (USA) 0.9%
• Other Presbyterian (Mainline Trad.) 0.5%
• Episcopalian/Anglican Family (Mainline Trad.) 1.2%
• Episcopal Church 0.9%
• Anglican Church < 0.3%
• Other Episcopalian/Anglican (Mainline Trad.) < 0.3%
• Restorationist Family (Mainline Trad.) 0.3%
• Disciples of Christ < 0.3%
• Other Restorationist (Mainline Trad.) < 0.3%
• Congregationalist Family (Mainline Trad.) 0.5%
• United Church of Christ 0.4%
• Other Congregationalist (Mainline Trad.) < 0.3%
• Reformed Family (Mainline Trad.) < 0.3%
• Reformed Church in America < 0.3%
• Other Reformed (Mainline Trad.) < 0.3%
• Anabaptist Family (Mainline Trad.) < 0.3%
• Friends Family (Mainline Trad.) < 0.3%
• Nonspecific Protestant Family (Mainline Trad.) 1.9%
• Historically Black Protestant 6.5%
• Baptist Family (Historically Black Protestant Trad.) 4.0%
• National Baptist Convention 1.4%
• Progressive Baptist Convention 0.3%
• Independent Baptist (Historically Black Protestant Trad.) < 0.3%
• Missionary Baptist (Historically Black Protestant Trad.) 0.3%
• Other Baptist (Historically Black Protestant Trad.) 1.8%
• Methodist Family (Historically Black Protestant Trad.) 0.5%
• African Methodist Episcopal Church 0.3%
• African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church < 0.3%
• Christian Methodist Episcopal Church < 0.3%
• Other Methodist (Historically Black Protestant Trad.) < 0.3%
• Pentecostal Family (Historically Black Protestant Trad.) 1.0%
• Church of God in Christ 0.6%
• Apostolic Pentecostal (Historically Black Protestant Trad.) < 0.3%
• United Pentecostal Church International < 0.3%
• Other Pentecostal (Historically Black Protestant Trad.) 0.3%
• Holiness Family (Historically Black Protestant Trad.) < 0.3%
• Nondenominational Family (Historically Black Protestant Trad.) 0.3%
• Nonspecific Protestant Family (Historically Black Protestant Trad.) 0.4%
• Catholic 20.8%
• Mormon 1.6%
• Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 1.6%
• Other Mormon < 0.3%
• Orthodox Christian 0.5%
• Greek Orthodox < 0.3%
• Russian Orthodox < 0.3%
• Orthodox Church in America < 0.3%
• Other Orthodox Christian < 0.3%
• Jehovah's Witness 0.8%
• Other Christian 0.4%
• Metaphysical Family < 0.3%
• Spiritualist < 0.3%
• Unity Church < 0.3%
• Other Metaphysical Christian ("Other Christian" Trad.) < 0.3%
• Others in the "Other Christian" Tradition < 0.3%

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• Non-Christian Faiths 5.9%
• Jewish 1.9%
• Muslim 0.9%
• Buddhist 0.7%
• Hindu 0.7%
• Other World Religions 0.3%
• Other Faiths 1.5%

• Unitarians and other liberal faiths in the "Other Faiths" Tradition 1.0%
• Unitarian 0.3%
• Humanist < 0.3%
• Deist < 0.3%
• Spiritual but not religious 0.3%
• Eclectic, a bit of everything, "I have my own beliefs" < 0.3%
• Other in the "Unitarian and other liberal faiths" family < 0.3%
• New Age 0.4%
• Pagan or Wiccan 0.3%
• Other in the New Age family < 0.3%
• Native American Religions < 0.3%
• Unaffiliated (religious "nones") 22.8%
• Atheist 3.1%
• Agnostic 4.0%
• Nothing in particular 15.8%
• Nothing in particular (religion not important) 8.8%
• Nothing in particular (religion important) 6.9%
• Don't know 0.6%

Finally, here is an article discussing the Pew research polling on the political preference of the various religious denominations in the last (2012) presidential election.

FEBRUARY 23, 2016

U.S. religious groups and their political leanings

By Michael Lipka

Mormons are the most heavily Republican-leaning religious group in the U.S., while a pair of major historically black Protestant denominations – the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church and the National Baptist Convention – are two of the most reliably Democratic groups, according to data from Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study.

Seven-in-ten U.S. Mormons identify with the Republican Party or say they lean toward the GOP, compared with 19% who identify as or lean Democratic – a difference of 51 percentage points. That’s the biggest gap in favor of the GOP out of 30 religious groups we analyzed, which include Protestant denominations, other religious groups and three categories of people who are religiously unaffiliated.

At the other end of the spectrum, an overwhelming majority of members of the AME Church (92%) identify with or lean toward the Democratic Party, while just 4% say they favor the Republican Party (an 88-point gap). Similarly, 87% of members of the National Baptist Convention and 75% of members of the Church of God in Christ (another historically black denomination) identify as Democrats.

These patterns largely reflect data from exit polls during the 2012 general election. In that year, 95% of black Protestants said they voted for Democrat Barack Obama, while 78% of Mormons said they voted for Republican Mitt Romney, who also is a Mormon.

White evangelical Protestants also voted heavily Republican in 2012 (79% for Romney), which mirrors the leanings of many of the largest evangelical denominations. Members of the Church of the Nazarene are overwhelmingly likely to favor the GOP (63% Republican vs. 24% Democrat), as are the Southern Baptist Convention (64% vs. 26%) and the Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod (59% vs. 27%), among other evangelical churches. (In our survey, members of these groups can be of any race or ethnicity, while exit polls report totals for white evangelicals in particular.)

Catholics are divided politically in our survey, just as they were in the 2012 election. While 37% say they favor the GOP, 44% identify with or lean toward the Democratic Party (and 19% say they do not lean either way). In the 2012 election, 50% of Catholics said they voted for Obama, while 48% voted for Romney.

Members of mainline Protestant churches look similar to Catholics in this regard. For example, 44% of members of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) identify as or lean Republican in the survey, compared with 47% who are Democrats or Democratic-leaning. United Methodists and Anglicans are slightly more likely than other mainline groups to say they are Republicans, while members of the United Church of Christ are more likely to be Democrats.
About seven-in-ten religiously unaffiliated voters (70%) and Jews (69%) voted for Obama in 2012. A similar share of Jews in our survey (64%) say they are Democrats, while all three subsets of religious “nones” (atheists, agnostics and those who say their religion is “nothing in particular”) lean in that direction as well.

Jehovah’s Witnesses, who are taught to remain politically neutral and abstain from voting, stand out for their overwhelming identification as independents who do not lean toward either party. Three-quarters of Jehovah’s Witnesses put themselves in that category.

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Summer solstice 2017: Crowds gather at Stonehenge on the longest (and hottest) day of the year

By Telegraph Reporters 

21 JUNE 2017 • 11:59PM

What is the summer solstice exactly?

There are two solstices each year - one in the winter and one in the summer. The summer solstice occurs when the when the tilt of Earth's axis is most inclined towards the sun and is directly above the Tropic of Cancer.

It might seem like a day to celebrate, but it actually signals the moment the sun's path stops moving northward in the sky, and the start of days becoming steadily shorter as the slow march towards winter begins.

However, we won't notice the days becoming shorter for a while. The shortest day of the year isn't until Thursday, December 21, known as the winter solstice.

In the southern hemisphere the dates of the two solstices are reversed. The winter solstice occurs on the same day in June and the summer solstice the same day in December.

Summer solstice at Stonehenge, with the sun rising in the distance. CREDIT: PAUL GROVER FOR THE TELEGRAPH

What happens during the winter solstice?

At the winter solstice, the Earth's axis is tilted furthest away from the sun directly over the Tropic of Capricorn bringing only a few hours of daylight.

December 21 will be eight hours and 49 minutes shorter than the June solstice when the sun will set at 16:27 in London.

What does 'solstice' actually mean?

The term 'solstice' derives from the Latin word 'solstitium', meaning 'sun standing still'. Some prefer the more teutonic term 'sunturn' to describe the event.

Astrologers say the sun seems to 'stand still' at the point on the horizon where it appears to rise and set, before moving off in the reverse direction.

Why did people celebrate the summer solstice?

Pagans have always believed the summer solstice - also known as midsummer as it was the midpoint of the growing season - holds a special power.

Midsummer's eve was believed to be a time when the veil between this world and the next is at its thinnest and when fairies were thought to be at their most powerful.

The day has inspired festivals and midsummer celebrations involving bonfires, picnics, singing and Maypole dancing over the centuries. Many towns and villages across Britain still celebrate the day. 

One ritual that's now died out was the lighting of fires with the idea that the flames would keep the dark days from approaching.

Thousands of garland-wearing hippies, druids and tourists will stay up all night to watch the sunrise at Stonehenge this year. CREDIT: PAUL GROVER FOR THE TELEGRAPH

Why is Stonehenge so significant?

Thousands of garland-wearing hippies, druids and curious tourists descend on Stonehenge in Avebury, Wiltshire every year to watch the sunrise.

The ancient prehistoric structure has been a place of worship and celebration at the time of summer solstice for thousands of years and is seen by many as a sacred site.

The Pagan monument is famously aligned to the solstices. The rising sun only reaches the middle of the stones one day of the year when it shines on the central altar. 

Despite it's obvious connections to the sun, the exact purpose of the mysterious circle still remains unknown.

Built in three phases between 3,000 B.C. and 1,600 B.C, the huge stones were brought from very long distances - the bluestones from the Preseli Hills more than 150 miles away, and the sarsens probably from the Marlborough Downs, 19 miles to the north.

Where can I celebrate the summer solstice?

Sunrise gatherings will take place at many stone circles across Britain this week. 

Stonehenge is of course the main place to celebrate the solstice. English Heritage, which runs the site, is closing the monument to normal admission today.

It will be slightly quieter at the National Trust's Avebury stone circle, Britain's second greatest prehistoric site, about 20 miles from Stonehenge, and also at the Castlerigg Stone Circle in Cumbria.

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